我国残疾人康复政策量化研究：基于政策建模一致性指数模型

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.06.001

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To quantitatively analyze and evaluate the content of rehabilitation policy for people with disabilities in China.

Methods This study focused on ten national policies of disability rehabilitation issued from 2021 to 2023. It employed text mining techniques to process policy texts and constructed a policy modeling consistency index model for disability rehabilitation policies in China. The relevant policies were evaluated and analyzed quantitatively.

Results The disability rehabilitation policies in China were relatively comprehensive in terms of policy transparency, operational mechanisms and policy nature. However, there was still a need for optimization in terms of policy perspectives, target groups, incentive mechanisms, and other aspects.

Conclusion The overall quality of disability rehabilitation policy texts at the national level in China is relatively good. There is a need to further enhance the predictability of policy objectives, clarify the responsibilities and division of labor among various departments, and improve policy incentive mechanisms in future policy formulation, which will further refine China's disability rehabilitation policy system and contribute to high-quality development of the disability cause.

Key words: people with disabilities, rehabilitation, policy modeling consistency index, policy quantification

CLC Number:

GUO Tongtong, ZHANG Xinyi, JI Lihong, DONG Zhiwei, LI Zongrun, WANG Liduan, CAI Weiqin, GAO Qianqian, JING Qi, ZHENG Wengui. Quantitative research on China's disability rehabilitation policy using policy modeling consistency index model[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(6): 621-629.

Figures/Tables 7

Table 1

Table 2

Setting of measures for disability rehabilitation policies"

一级变量	二级变量	二级变量释义
政策性质X₁	预测X_1.1	政策是否就未来康复发展提出预测性目标、指标等
	监管X_1.2	政策是否就康复工作过程开展评估、跟踪和绩效考核等工作
	建议X_1.3	政策是否就康复发展提出明确意见或建议
	描述X_1.4	政策是否就政策发布的政府层次、政策领域和政策支持等内容有详细描述
政策领域X₂	政治X_2.1	政策是否涉及残疾人康复体制、机制等内容
	经济X_2.2	政策是否涉及残疾人康复的经济目标、任务或活动等内容
	文化X_2.3	政策是否涉及与康复有关的文教卫生政策内容，如康复文化的宣传和教育工作
	社会X_2.4	政策是否涉及康复的社会保障、健康、就业和教育等内容
	家庭生活X_2.5	政策是否涉及个体家庭环境中针对生活条件、家庭功能和就业水平等内容
政策视角X₃	宏观X_3.1	政策是否涉及康复政策总体政策架构内容
	中观X_3.2	政策是否涉及康复政策行动战略内容
	微观X_3.3	政策是否涉及具体康复政策实施细则和方法
政策内容X₄	康复领导力与治理X_4.1	政策是否含有针对康复问题的法规政策、规划战略、治理结构和能力等内容
	康复筹资X_4.2	政策是否含有与康复有关的筹资和支出等内容
	康复人力资源X_4.3	政策是否含有康复人力资源的规划、配置、培训和监管评估等内容
	康复服务提供X_4.4	政策是否含有康复服务提供的质量和数量等内容
	康复医药技术X_4.5	政策是否含有康复相关药品技术和辅助技术内容
	健康康复信息系统X_4.6	政策是否含有康复信息收集、信息系统建设、康复数据标注及康复有关科学研究等内容
政策对象X₅	政府及其相关部门X_5.1	政策作用对象是否为政府及相关下设部门
	企事业单位X_5.2	政策作用对象是否为康复有关企业、事业单位
	个人X_5.3	政策作用对象是否为残疾个体
	社会组织X_5.4	政策作用对象是否为参与康复服务的社会组织，如民间助残服务机构、残疾人病友组织、慈善基金会等
政策评价X₆	目标清晰X_6.1	该政策是否拥有明确、具体、可量化的相关指标
	依据充分X_6.2	该政策在制定、执行时是否有客观依据，如康复政策发展的历史性回顾、背景等
	内容详实X_6.3	该政策是否涉及上述6项康复政策内容中的3项及以上
	分工明确X_6.4	该政策中的每项具体措施是否有明确部门进行负责和分工
作用方式X₇	强制型X_7.1	该项政策是否属于强制实施性政策
作用方式X₇	服务型X_7.2	该项政策是否属于服务号召性政策
政策工具X₈	需求型X_8.1	政府是否进行与康复需求有关的采购招标、试点示范和宣传引导等工作
	供给型X_8.2	政府是否从供给角度自上而下提供与康复有关的资金投入、人才培养、基础设施建设和信息技术服务等工作
	环境型X_8.3	政府是否出台保障供方与需方贯通的康复政策条文，如税收减免、法规管制等
激励方式X₉	政策支持X_9.1	是否包含有关康复的支持性政策内容
	税收减免X_9.2	是否包含对残疾特殊群体有关的主体采取减少征税或免税的特殊规定
	人才培养X_9.3	是否包含通过技术培训、绩效考核等手段激发康复人才需求和从业动机
	财政补贴X_9.4	是否包含政府针对各项康复服务内容提供的财政补贴内容
	产权激励X_9.5	是否包含政府利用自有产权激励企业或人员发挥效用内容，如残疾人服务设施或场地的无偿、低价提供
政策公开X₁₀		该政策是否属于公开发布、可查的政策

Table 2

Figure 1

Table 3

Figure 2

Table 4

Figure 3

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序号	政策文件名称	发布时间	发布部门
1	《“十四五“残疾人保障和发展规划》	2021年7月21日	国务院
2	《“十四五”残疾人职业技能提升计划》	2022年3月15日	中国残疾人联合会、教育部、人力资源社会保障部、财政部、文化和旅游部
3	《“十四五”特殊教育发展提升行动计划》	2022年1月25日	国务院办公厅
4	《“十四五”残疾人康复服务实施方案》	2021年8月19日	中国残联、教育部、民政部、人力资源社会保障部、国家卫生健康委、国家医疗保障局
5	《国家残疾预防行动计划(2021—2025年)》	2022年1月5日	国务院办公厅
6	《促进残疾人就业三年行动方案(2022—2024年)》	2022年4月8日	国务院办公厅
7	《关于加快推进康复医疗工作发展的意见》	2021年6月8日	卫生健康委、发展改革委、教育部、民政部、财政部、医保局、中医药局、中国残联
8	《残联系统康复机构业务规范建设评估指南(试行)》	2022年6月20日	中国残联办公厅
9	《精神障碍社区康复服务资源共享与转介管理办法》	2023年12月19日	民政部、国家卫生健康委、中国残疾人联合会
10	《残疾人自助互助康复服务推广实施方案》	2023年11月27日	中国残联办公厅

序号	高频共词	频次	序号	高频共词	频次
1	康复-服务	180	14	健康-卫生	59
2	残疾人-服务	146	15	残疾人-组织	59
3	康复-机构	115	16	社会-保障	59
4	残疾人-康复	114	17	医疗-服务	59
5	残疾人-保障	89	18	康复-能力	59
6	社区-康复	83	19	精神-康复	55
7	康复-医疗	72	20	残联-服务	53
8	社区-服务	68	21	残疾人-职业	52
9	服务-能力	63	22	服务-需求	51
10	残疾人-就业	63	23	残疾人-项目	50
11	社区-机构	63	24	康复-卫生	49
12	残疾人-培训	61	25	精神-障碍	49
13	康复-发展	60	26	服务-培训	46

政策	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	X₆	X₇	X₈	X₉	X₁₀	PMC指数	排名	政策等级
P₁	1.00	0.80	0.67	1.00	1.00	0.75	1.00	0.67	0.80	1.00	8.69	1	Ⅰ级
P₂	0.75	0.60	0.67	0.83	1.00	0.50	1.00	1.00	0.80	1.00	8.15	4	Ⅰ级
P₃	1.00	0.60	0.33	1.00	1.00	0.75	1.00	0.67	0.60	1.00	7.95	5	Ⅱ级
P₄	1.00	1.00	0.33	1.00	0.75	0.75	1.00	0.67	0.80	1.00	8.30	3	Ⅰ级
P₅	1.00	0.80	0.67	0.67	0.50	0.75	1.00	0.33	0.40	1.00	7.12	7	Ⅱ级
P₆	1.00	1.00	1.00	0.83	0.50	0.75	1.00	0.67	0.60	1.00	8.35	2	Ⅰ级
P₇	1.00	1.00	0.67	0.83	0.50	0.50	1.00	0.33	0.40	1.00	7.23	6	Ⅱ级
P₈	0.75	0.60	0.33	1.00	0.50	0.50	1.00	0.33	0.40	1.00	6.41	9	Ⅱ级
P₉	0.75	0.40	0.33	0.67	0.50	0.50	1.00	0.33	0.40	1.00	5.88	10	Ⅲ级
P₁₀	0.75	0.40	0.33	0.67	0.75	0.75	1.00	0.33	0.60	1.00	6.58	8	Ⅱ级
均值	0.90	0.72	0.53	0.85	0.70	0.65	1.00	0.53	0.58	1.00	7.47	-	-

Quantitative research on China's disability rehabilitation policy using policy modeling consistency index model

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