基于视听觉和运动反馈的脑机接口结合经颅直流电刺激对脑卒中患者上肢功能的效果

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.02.010

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To explore the effect of brain-computer interface (BCI) based on visual, auditory and motor feedback combined with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on upper limb function in stroke patients.
Methods From March to October, 2023, 45 stroke inpatients in Xuzhou Rehabilitation Hospital and Xuzhou Central Hospital were divided into BCI group (n = 15), tDCS group (n = 15) and combined group (n = 15) randomly. All the groups received routine rehabilitation, while BCI group received BCI training, tDCS group received tDCS, while the combined group received tDCS and followed by BCI training immediately, for four weeks. They were assessed with Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremities (FMA-UE), Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), modified Barthel Index (MBI) and delta-alpha ratio (DAR) and power ratio index (PRI) of electroencephalogram before and after treatment.
Results The scores of FMA-UE, ARAT and MBI increased in all the groups after treatment (|t| > 5.350, P < 0.001), and all these indexes were the best in the combined group (F > 3.366, P < 0.05); while DAR and PRI decreased in all the groups (|t| > 2.208, P < 0.05), they were the best in the combined group (F > 5.224, P < 0.01).
Conclusion BCI based on visual, auditory and motor feedback combined with tDCS can further improve the motor function of upper limbs and the activities of daily living of stroke patients.

Key words: stroke, upper limb, brain-computer interface, transcranial direct current stimulation

CLC Number:

R743.3

GAO Ling, CHU Fengming, JIA Fan, CHEN Jie, ZHANG Ming. Effect of brain-computer interface based on visual, auditory and motor feedback combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb function in stroke patients[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(2): 202-209.

Figures/Tables 6

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

References 31

[32]	LIU X, ZHANG W, LI W, et al. Effects of motor imagery based brain-computer interface on upper limb function and attention in stroke patients with hemiplegia: a randomized controlled trial[J]. BMC Neurology, 2023, 23(1): 136. doi: 10.1186/s12883-023-03150-5 pmid: 37003976
[33]	刘明月, 李哲, 曹永生, 等. 基于运动表象的脑机接口训练对亚急性期脑卒中患者手功能康复的效果[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2023, 29(1): 71-76. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.01.010
	LIU M Y, LI Z, CAO Y S, et al. Effect of brain-computer interface training based on motor imagery on hand function for subacute stroke patients[J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2023, 29(1): 71-76.
[34]	JEONG H, SONG M, OH S, et al. Toward comparison of cortical activation with different motor learning methods using event-related design: EEG-fNIRS study[J]. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc, 2019, 2019: 6339-6342. doi: 10.1109/EMBC.2019.8857693 pmid: 31947292
[35]	REMSIK A B, WILLIAMS L, GJINI K, et al. Ipsilesional mu rhythm desynchronization and changes in motor behavior following post stroke BCI intervention for motor rehabilitation[J]. Front Neurosci, 2019, 13: 53. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00053
[36]	REMSIK A B, GJINI K, WILLIAMS L, et al. Ipsilesional mu rhythm desynchronization correlates with improvements in affected hand grip strength and functional connectivity in sensorimotor cortices following BCI-FES intervention for upper extremity in stroke survivors[J]. Front Hum Neurosci, 2021, 15: 725645. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.725645
[37]	HORTON S, MARES K, COULL N, et al. On the character and production of 'active participation' in neuro-rehabilitation: an Actor-Network perspective[J]. Soc Health Ill, 2017, 39(8): 1529-1541.
[38]	HUGHES C, HERRERA A, GAUNT R, et al. Bidirectional brain-computer interfaces[J]. Handb Clin Neurol, 2020, 168: 163-181. doi: B978-0-444-63934-9.00013-5 pmid: 32164851
[39]	CUI Z, LI Y, HUANG S, et al. BCI system with lower-limb robot improves rehabilitation in spinal cord injury patients through short-term training: a pilot study[J]. Cogn Neurodyn, 2022, 16(6): 1283-1301. doi: 10.1007/s11571-022-09801-6
[40]	REMSIK A, YOUNG B, VERMILYEA R, et al. A review of the progression and future implications of brain-computer interface therapies for restoration of distal upper extremity motor function after stroke[J]. Expert Rev Med Devices, 2016, 13(5): 445-454. doi: 10.1080/17434440.2016.1174572 pmid: 27112213
[41]	SHIBA T, MIZUTA N, HASUI N, et al. Effect of bihemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation on distal upper limb function and corticospinal tract excitability in a patient with subacute stroke: a case study[J]. Front Rehabil Sci, 2023, 4: 1250579. doi: 10.3389/fresc.2023.1250579
[42]	NITSCHE M A, PAULUS W. Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation[J]. J Physiol, 2000, 527(Pt 3): 633-639. doi: 10.1111/tjp.2000.527.issue-3
[43]	韩雪, 李欣, 宋桂芹. 经颅直流电刺激对亚急性期缺血性脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和体感诱发电位的影响[J]. 中国康复, 2023, 38(5): 272-276.
	HAN X, LI X, SONG G Q. Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb motor function and somatosensory evoked potential in stroke patients[J]. Chin J Rehabil, 2023, 38(5): 272-276.
[44]	BOLOGNINI N, RUSSO C, SOUZA CARNEIRO M I, et al. Bi-hemispheric transcranial direct current stimulation for upper-limb hemiparesis in acute stroke: a randomized, double-blind, sham-controlled trial[J]. Eur J Neurol, 2020, 27(12): 2473-2482. doi: 10.1111/ene.v27.12
[45]	庞争争, 吕亚希, 高春华, 等. 经颅直流电刺激对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的效果[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2023, 29(3): 275-279. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.03.005
	PANG Z Z, LÜ Y X, GAO C H, et al. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb motor function of patients with stroke[J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2023, 29(3): 275-279.
[46]	王伟, 宋为群, 张艳明, 等. 经颅直流电刺激对脑卒中患者上肢运动功能康复的效果[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2021, 27(9): 1082-1086. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.09.013
	WANG W, SONG W Q, ZHANG Y M, et al. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb motor function for patiens with stroke[J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2021, 27(9): 1082-1086.
[47]	FARAHANI F, KRONBERG G, FALLAHRAD M, et al. Effects of direct current stimulation on synaptic plasticity in a single neuron[J]. Brain Stimul, 2021, 14(3): 588-597. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2021.03.001 pmid: 33766677
[48]	FRITSCH B, REIS J, MARTINOWICH K, et al. Direct current stimulation promotes BDNF-dependent synaptic plasticity: potential implications for motor learning[J]. Neuron, 2010, 66(2): 198-204. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.03.035 pmid: 20434997
[49]	BORNHEIM S, CROISIER J L, MAQUET P, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation associated with physical-therapy in acute stroke patients: a randomized, triple blind, sham-controlled study[J]. Brain Stimul, 2020, 13(2): 329-336. doi: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.10.019
[50]	HORDACRE B, MOEZZI B, RIDDING M C. Neuroplasticity and network connectivity of the motor cortex following stroke: a transcranial direct current stimulation study[J]. Hum Brain Mapp, 2018, 39(8): 3326-3339. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24079 pmid: 29655257
[51]	CHEW E, TEO W P, TANG N, et al. Using transcranial direct current stimulation to augment the effect of motor imagery-assisted brain-computer interface training in chronic stroke patients: cortical reorganization considerations[J]. Front Neurol, 2020, 11: 948. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2020.00948
[52]	KASASHIMA Y, FUJIWARA T, MATSUSHIKA Y, et al. Modulation of event-related desynchronization during motor imagery with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in patients with chronic hemiparetic stroke[J]. Exp Brain Res, 2012, 221(3): 263-268. doi: 10.1007/s00221-012-3166-9 pmid: 22791228
[53]	邹文晨, 朱璐, 贾一颖, 等. 经颅直流电刺激治疗脑卒中后功能障碍的研究进展[J]. 华西医学, 2022, 37(5): 668-673.
	ZOU W C, ZHU L, JIA Y Y, et al. Research progress of transcranial direct current stimulation for post-stroke dysfunction[J]. West Chin Med J, 2022, 37(5): 668-673.
[54]	PIRES R, BALTAR A, SANCHEZ M P, et al. Do higher transcranial direct current stimulation doses lead to greater gains in upper limb motor function in post-stroke patients?[J]. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 2023, 20(2): 1279. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20021279
[55]	RATHEE D, CECOTTI H, PRASAD G. Single-trial effective brain connectivity patterns enhance discriminability of mental imagery tasks[J]. J Neural Eng, 2017, 14(5): 056005. doi: 10.1088/1741-2552/aa785c
[56]	NAGATA K, TAGAWA K, HIROI S, et al. Electroencephalographic correlates of blood flow and oxygen metabolism provided by positron emission tomography in patients with cerebral infarction[J]. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol, 1989, 72(1): 16-30. pmid: 2464472
[57]	FINNIGAN S P, WALSH M, ROSE S E, et al. Quantitative EEG indices of sub-acute ischaemic stroke correlate with clinical outcomes[J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 2007, 118(11): 2525-2532. pmid: 17889600
[58]	王晓梅, 黄光, 徐斌, 等. 定量脑电图对急性脑卒中患者的神经功能预后研究[J]. 海南医学, 2017, 28(16): 2628-2630.
	WANG X M, HAUNG G, XU B, et al. Neurological function prognosis of quantitative EEG in acute ischemic stroke[J]. Hainan Med J, 2017, 28(16): 2628-2630.
[59]	MANE R, CHEW E, PHUA K S, et al. Prognostic and monitory EEG-biomarkers for BCI upper-limb stroke rehabilitation[J]. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng, 2019, 27(8): 1654-1664. doi: 10.1109/TNSRE.7333
[60]	FINNIGAN S, VAN PUTTEN M J. EEG in ischaemic stroke: quantitative EEG can uniquely inform (sub-)acute prognoses and clinical management[J]. Clin Neurophysiol, 2013, 124(1): 10-19. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.003 pmid: 22858178
[1]	«中国脑卒中防治报告»编写组. «中国脑卒中防治报告2020»概要[J]. 中国脑血管病杂志, 2022, 19(2): 136-144.
	Stroke Prevention and Treatment in China, 2020 Writing Group. Brief report on stroke prevention and treatment in China, 2020[J]. Chin J Cerebrovasc Dis, 2022, 19(2): 136-144.
[2]	WU S, WU B, LIU M, et al. Stroke in China: advances and challenges in epidemiology, prevention, and management[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2019, 18(4): 394-405. doi: S1474-4422(18)30500-3 pmid: 30878104
[3]	ZHAO Y, HUA X, REN X, et al. Increasing burden of stroke in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence, incidence, mortality, and case fatality[J]. Int J Stroke, 2023, 18(3): 259-267. doi: 10.1177/17474930221135983
[4]	LI N, YANG T, YU P, et al. Bio-inspired upper limb soft exoskeleton to reduce stroke-induced complications[J]. Bioinspir Biomim, 2018, 13(6): 066001. doi: 10.1088/1748-3190/aad8d4
[5]	RICHARDSON M C, TEARS C, MORRIS A, et al. The effects of unilateral versus bilateral motor training on upper limb function in adults with chronic stroke: a systematic review[J]. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis, 2021, 30(4): 105617. doi: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2021.105617
[6]	OMAR N H, MOHD NORDIN N A, CHAI S C, et al. Functionality among stroke survivors with upper limb impairment attending community-based rehabilitation[J]. Med J Malaysia, 2020, 75(2): 146-151. pmid: 32281596
[7]	贾凡, 赵莹, 王钊, 等. 分级运动表象联合重复经颅磁刺激对脑卒中患者上肢功能的效果[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2023, 29(5): 516-520. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.05.004
	JIA F, ZHAO Y, WANG Z, et al. Effect of graded motor imagery combined with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on upper limb function of stroke patients[J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2023, 29(5): 516-520.
[8]	杨婷, 陈慧柚, 高政, 等. 经颅直流电刺激联合上肢机器人训练对脑卒中后偏瘫上肢运动功能影响的磁共振弥散张量成像研究[J]. 中华物理医学与康复杂志, 2021, 43(9): 781-786.
	YANG T, CHEN H Y, GAO Z, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation can improve the effectiveness of robot-assisted rehabilitation of a hemiplegic upper limb[J]. Chin J Phys Med Rehabil, 2021, 43(9): 781-786.
[9]	张明, 王斌, 贾凡, 等. 基于脑电图的脑机接口技术在脑卒中患者上肢运动功能康复中的应用[J]. 中国组织工程研究, 2024, 28(4): 581-586.
	ZHANG M, WANG B, JIA F, et al. Application of brain-computer interface technology based on electroencephalogram in upper limb motor function rehabilitation of stroke patients[J]. Chin J Tissue Eng Res, 2024, 28(4): 581-586.
[10]	HU Y Q, GAO T H, LI J, et al. Motor imagery-based brain-computer interface combined with multimodal feedback to promote upper limb motor function after stroke: a preliminary study[J]. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med, 2021, 2021: 1116126.
[11]	杨延辉, 王浩冲, 董媛媛, 等. 视觉运动诱导的脑机接口技术应用于脑卒中患者上肢运动功能和认知功能的效果[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2023, 29(4): 472-478. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.04.013
	YANG Y H, WANG H C, DONG Y Y, et al. Effect of visual motion-induced brain computer interface technology on upper limb motor and cognitive function of patients with stroke[J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2023, 29(4): 472-478.
[12]	SEBASTIÁN-ROMAGOSA M, CHO W, ORTNER R, et al. Brain computer interface treatment for motor rehabilitation of upper extremity of stroke patients: a feasibility study[J]. Front Neurosci, 2020, 14: 591435. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.591435
[13]	MRIDHA M F, DAS S C, KABIR M M, et al. Brain-computer interface: advancement and challenges[J]. Sensors (Basel), 2021, 21(17): 5746. doi: 10.3390/s21175746
[14]	RASHID M, SULAIMAN N, MAJEED A P P A, et al. Current status, challenges, and possible solutions of EEG-based brain-computer interface: a comprehensive review[J]. Front Neurorobot, 2020, 14: 25. doi: 10.3389/fnbot.2020.00025
[15]	GAO W, CUI Z, YU Y, et al. Application of a brain-computer interface system with visual and motor feedback in limb and brain functional rehabilitation after stroke: case report[J]. Brain Sci, 2022, 12(8): 1083. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12081083
[16]	努尔加依·沙黑窝拉, 贾杰, 张定国. 经颅直流电刺激结合功能性电刺激对脑卒中平台期患者上肢运动功能康复影响的研究[J]. 中国康复医学杂志, 2017, 32(9): 1000-1005.
	NUERJIAYI S, JIA J, ZHANG D G. Investigation on rehabilitation performance of combining tDCS and FES on upper limb motor functions in patients with chronic stroke[J]. Chin J Rehabil Med, 2017, 32(9): 1000-1005.
[17]	FLEMING M K, THEOLOGIS T, BUCKINGHAM R, et al. Transcranial direct current stimulation for promoting motor function in cerebral palsy: a review[J]. J Neuroeng Rehabil, 2018, 15(1): 121. doi: 10.1186/s12984-018-0476-6 pmid: 30572926
[18]	LEE J H, JEUN Y J, PARK H Y, et al. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with rehabilitation on arm and hand function in stroke patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Healthcare (Basel), 2021, 9(12): 1705.
[19]	BELKACEM A N, JAMIL N, KHALID S, et al. On closed-loop brain stimulation systems for improving the quality of life of patients with neurological disorders[J]. Front Hum Neurosci, 2023, 17: 1085173. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1085173
[20]	CHEN L, GU B, WANG Z, et al. EEG-controlled functional electrical stimulation rehabilitation for chronic stroke: system design and clinical application[J]. Front Med, 2021, 15(5): 740-749. doi: 10.1007/s11684-020-0794-5
[21]	中华医学会神经病学分会,中华医学会神经病学分会脑血管病学组. 中国各类主要脑血管病诊断要点2019[J]. 中华神经科杂志, 2019, 52(9): 710-715.
	Chinese Society of Neurology, Chinese Society of Stroke. Main diagnostic points of cerebrovascular diseases in China, 2019[J]. Chin J Neurol, 2019, 52(9): 710-715.
[22]	COSCIA M, WESSEL M J, CHAUDARY U, et al. Neurotechnology-aided interventions for upper limb motor rehabilitation in severe chronic stroke[J]. Brain, 2019, 142(8): 2182-2197. doi: 10.1093/brain/awz181 pmid: 31257411
[23]	GREFKES C, NOWAK D A, EICKHOFF S B, et al. Cortical connectivity after subcortical stroke assessed with functional magnetic resonance imaging[J]. Ann Neurol, 2008, 63(2): 236-246. doi: 10.1002/ana.21228 pmid: 17896791
[24]	王海云, 王寅, 周信杰, 等. 基于"中枢-外周-中枢"理论的经颅直流电刺激结合针刺干预脑卒中患者中枢及上肢功能的效果[J]. 中国康复理论与实践, 2023, 29(8): 919-925. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.08.008
	WANG H Y, WANG Y, ZHOU X J, et al. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with acupuncture on central and upper limb function in stroke patients based on central-peripheral-central theory[J]. Chin J Rehabil Theory Pract, 2023, 29(8): 919-925.
[25]	CIRILLO C, BRIHMAT N, CASTEL-LACANAL E, et al. Post-stroke remodeling processes in animal models and humans[J]. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab, 2020, 40(1): 3-22. doi: 10.1177/0271678X19882788
[26]	OLAFSON E R, JAMISON K W, SWEENEY E M, et al. Functional connectome reorganization relates to post-stroke motor recovery and structural and functional disconnection[J]. NeuroImage, 2021, 245: 118642. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118642
[27]	LIU L, JIN M, ZHANG L, et al. Brain-computer interface-robot training enhances upper extremity performance and changes the cortical activation in stroke patients: a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study[J]. Front Neurosci, 2022, 16: 809657. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.809657
[28]	ADERINTO N, ABDULBASIT M O, OLATUNJI G, et al. Exploring the transformative influence of neuroplasticity on stroke rehabilitation: a narrative review of current evidence[J]. Ann Med Surg (Lond), 2023, 85(9): 4425-4432. doi: 10.1097/MS9.0000000000001137 pmid: 37663728
[29]	GAO Z, PANG Z, CHEN Y, et al. Restoring after central nervous system injuries: neural mechanisms and translational applications of motor recovery[J]. Neurosci Bull, 2022, 38(12): 1569-1587. doi: 10.1007/s12264-022-00959-x pmid: 36333482
[30]	SINHA A M, NAIR V A, PRABHAKARAN V. Brain-computer interface training with functional electrical stimulation: facilitating changes in interhemispheric functional connectivity and motor outcomes post-stroke[J]. Front Neurosci, 2021, 15: 670953. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.670953
[31]	WON K, KIM H, GWON D, et al. Can vibrotactile stimulation and tDCS help inefficient BCI users?[J]. J Neuroeng Rehabil, 2023, 20(1): 60. doi: 10.1186/s12984-023-01181-0 pmid: 37143057

组别	n	性别(男/女)/n	年龄/岁	病程/d	卒中性质(出血/梗死)/n	偏瘫侧别(左/右)/n
BCI组	15	12/3	53.20±13.55	64.20±48.02	4/11	7/8
tDCS组	15	12/3	54.60±8.23	70.27±46.49	4/11	6/9
联合组	15	11/4	55.73±8.60	58.47±30.98	5/10	7/8
χ²/F值		0.252	0.223	0.028	0.289	0.180
P值		0.882	0.801	0.973	0.751	0.914

组别	n	治疗前	治疗后	t值	P值
BCI组	15	19.53±11.50	34.80±13.02	-8.698	< 0.001
tDCS组	15	20.93±10.74	32.80±14.34	-6.255	< 0.001
联合组	15	20.67±9.13	44.60±11.34^a,b	-12.194	< 0.001
F值		0.075	3.562
P值		0.928	0.037

组别	n	治疗前	治疗后	t值	P值
BCI组	15	10.47±7.70	21.87±12.77	-5.350	< 0.001
tDCS组	15	12.60±9.96	20.13±10.70	-9.440	< 0.001
联合组	15	12.20±8.60	30.87±11.89^a,b	-9.882	< 0.001
F值		0.249	3.566
P值		0.781	0.037

组别	n	治疗前	治疗后	t值	P值
BCI组	15	50.60±14.38	70.00±15.15	-13.409	< 0.001
tDCS组	15	52.73±12.23	71.67±13.18	-19.856	< 0.001
联合组	15	50.80±9.24	81.27±9.55^a,b	-21.811	< 0.001
F值		0.142	3.366
P值		0.868	0.044

组别	n	治疗前	治疗后	t值	P值
BCI组	15	4.78±2.23	3.84±2.41	2.299	0.037
tDCS组	15	4.38±3.16	3.22±2.00	2.812	0.014
联合组	15	4.40±2.82	1.55±1.50^a,b	3.417	0.004
F值		0.102	5.224
P值		0.903	0.009

Effect of brain-computer interface based on visual, auditory and motor feedback combined with transcranial direct current stimulation on upper limb function in stroke patients

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 6

References 31

Related Articles 15

Metrics

Comments

Recommended 0

组别	n	治疗前	治疗后	t值	P值
BCI组	15	5.16±2.50	4.18±2.20	2.731	0.016
tDCS组	15	4.75±2.77	3.55±1.33	2.208	0.044
联合组	15	4.69±2.59	2.09±1.47^a,b	3.279	0.005
F值		0.139	5.940
P值		0.870	0.005

[1]	WANG Mingchen, ZHANG Wenyu, ZHANG Xianzuo, ZANG Wanli. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on cognitive function and quality of life in patients with Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(2): 183-188.
[2]	GONG Xiang, WANG Menghuan, WU Cunshu, CHEN Junwen, XIAO Yue, YANG Yun, SUN Wanting, LU Jun, XU Guangxu. Effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on stroke patients with lateropulsion [J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(2): 210-216.
[3]	LI Fang, LIU Huizhen, MEI Liping, ZHANG Tong, ZHANG Haojie, LI Bingjie, ZHAO Jun. Related factors of post-stroke depression in patients with cerebral infarction during hospitalization in rehabilitation department [J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(2): 217-222.
[4]	ZHANG Minglan, ZHANG Lingling, WANG Lisha, LIU Li, GAO Run, RAO Jiang, LIU Wan, XIA Zi'an, ZHANG Chuanwen, CHENG Xinxin. Impact of autonomic nerve function on motor function in patients with post-stroke depression [J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(2): 223-231.
[5]	ZHOU Zhining, ZHOU Rong, XIAO Yanwen, WANG Bowen, LÜ Jiaojiao, LIU Yu. Effect of multi-target transcranial direct current stimulation on performance of working memory-postural control dual-task in healthy adults [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2024, 30(1): 21-28.
[6]	LIN Na, GAO Hanlu, LU Huiping, CHEN Yanqing, ZHENG Junfan, CHEN Shurong. Effect of virtual reality on upper limb function after stroke: a study of diffusion tensor imaging [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2024, 30(1): 61-67.
[7]	WANG Haoyi, SHI Yawei, LU Jun, XU Guangxu. Impact of subjective vertical perception impairment on function in stroke patients: a retrospective study [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2024, 30(1): 68-73.
[8]	CHEN Junwen, CHEN Qian, CHEN Cheng, LI Shuyue, LIU Lingling, WU Cunshu, GONG Xiang, LU Jun, XU Guangxu. Effect of modified Baduanjin exercise on cardiopulmonary function, motor function and activities of daily living for stroke patients [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2024, 30(1): 74-80.
[9]	HU Yonglin, MA Ying, DOU Chao, LU Anmin, JIANG Xiaoge, SONG Xinjian, XIAO Yuhua. Effect of neural mobilization based on shoulder control training on shoulder pain and upper limb function in stroke patients with hemiplegia [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2024, 30(1): 81-86.
[10]	WANG He, HAN Liang, KAN Mengfan, YU Shaohong. Efficacy of electrical stimulation on shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(9): 1048-1056.
[11]	SUN Tengfang, REN Mengting, YANG Lin, WANG Yaoting, WANG Hongyu, YAN Xingzhou. Effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy combined with repetitive peripheral magnetic stimulation on ankle motor function and balance of stroke patients [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(8): 875-881.
[12]	WANG Ya'nan, LIU Xihua. Correlation and predictive effect of subjective and objective balance function measurements in stroke patients with hemiplegia [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(8): 890-895.
[13]	WANG Haiyun, WANG Yin, ZHOU Xinjie, HE Aiqun. Effect of transcranial direct current stimulation combined with acupuncture on central and upper limb function in stroke patients based on central-peripheral-central theory [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(8): 919-925.
[14]	CHEN Yiting, WANG Qian, CUI Shenhong, LI Yingcai, ZHANG Siyu, WEI Yanxu, REN Hui, LENG Jun, CHEN Bin. Effect of bilateral sequential repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor function of upper limbs in stroke patients [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(8): 926-932.
[15]	LI Zhenya, SUN Jie, GUO Pengfei, WANG Guangming. Correlation between changes of swallowing function in oral and pharyngeal phases, and aspiration in stroke patients based on videofluroscopic swallowing study [J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(8): 933-939.