北京社区55~75岁高、低痴呆风险人群身体素质及其认知功能特点

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2024.02.009

Abstract

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the risk factors of dementia among healthy elderly individuals in the middle of their lives.
Methods A total of 175 participants aged 55 to 75 from two communities in Beijing were included from July, 2021 to April, 2023. Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging, and Incidence of Dementia (CAIDE) related risk factors and other demographic data were collected. According to the CAIDE assessment, participants with scores ≥ 9 were as high-risk group, and those with scores < 9 were as low-risk group. They were evaluated with Stroop Color Word Test (SCWT), two elements 1-back task paradigm and the revised Trail Making Test (TMT); measured the grip strength, 30 s forearm flexion tests and five sit-to-stand tests; the average step speed and step length of a 10-meter walk were recorded.
Results The average total score of CAIDE was 9.86 in the high-risk group, and was 4.95 in the low-risk group. There was no difference in age between two groups (P = 0.188). There were differences in the proportion of participants of male, less than seven years' education, systolic blood pressure > 140 mmHg, cholesterol > 6.5 mmol/L, body mass index > 30 kg/m², and lack of physical activity between two groups (χ² > 3.116, P < 0.05). The grip strength (t = -4.174), walking speed (t = -2.414), SCWT accuracy (Z = -2.684) were all worse in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that walking speed (OR = 25.483), grip strength (OR = 1.133) and SCWT accuracy (OR = 37.430) were independent influencing factors of dementia (P < 0.05).
Conclusion Weaker grip strength, slower gait speed and worse inhibitory control might be independent influencing factors of dementia.

Key words: dementia, risk factors, executive function, muscle strength, gait speed, grip strength

CLC Number:

R749.1

LIU Hua, JIA Mingyue, DU Xiaoxia, YANG Yaru, LI Jing, LÜ Jihui. Physical fitness and characteristics of cognitive function among people aged 55 to 75 years with high and low risk of dementia in communities in Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice, 2024, 30(2): 195-201.

Figures/Tables 3

Table 1

Comparison of CAIDE risk factors between two groups"

危险因素	高危组(n = 114)	低危组(n = 61)	t/χ²值	P值
年龄/岁	67.83±4.95	65.91±5.98	2.266	0.079
性别/n			3.109	0.002
男	40	20
女	74	41
受教育程度/n			16.083	0.003
< 7年	38	5
≥ 7年	76	56
收缩压> 140 mmHg/n			3.078	0.020
是	57	29
否	57	32
总胆固醇> 6.5 mmol $⋅$ L^-1/n			10.115	0.010
是	68	21
否	46	40
BMI >30 kg $⋅$ m^-2/n			4.522	0.024
是	40	12
否	74	49
是否缺乏体力活动/n			8.631	0.003
是	62	19
否	52	42
CAIDE总分	9.86±2.00	4.95±1.00	150.167	0.001

Table 1

Table 2

Comparison of general information, physical fitness and cognitive function between two groups"

项目	高危组(n = 114)	低危组(n = 61)	t/Z/χ²值	P值
是否有抑郁病史/n			2.821	0.099
是	3	5
否	111	56
是否有痴呆家族史/n			1.566	0.107
是	7	8
否	107	53
是否抽烟/n			2.452	0.147
是	25	20
否	89	41
是否有糖尿病史/n			0.234	0.387
是	28	13
否	86	48
是否有心脑血管病史/n			6.615	0.076
是	5	7
否	109	54
握力/kg	24.88±5.23	29.27±7.56	-4.174	0.002
30 s前臂屈曲/n	20.88±4.51	20.36±4.07	-0.631	0.528
5次坐站测验/s	11.19±3.82	11.39±5.13	0.071	0.944
步长/cm	56(50, 62)	60(50, 67)	-1.731	0.083
步速/m $⋅$ s^-1	0.97(0.90, 1.04)	1.03(0.94, 1.11)	-2.414	0.016
SCWT正确率/%	0.81(0.71, 0.86)	0.85(0.76, 0.92)	-2.684	0.007
刷新正确率/%	0.68(0.54, 0.79)	0.69(0.60, 0.79)	0.536	0.494
TMT-A/s	53.58±13.62	54.07±16.47	0.224	0.816
TMT-B/s	157.19±43.49	152.19±39.57	1.040	0.821

Table 2

Table 3

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变量	B	SE	P值	OR值	95%CI
步速	3.238	1.34	0.016	25.483	1.844~352.198
握力	0.125	0.031	0.001	1.133	1.065~1.205
SCWT正确率	3.622	1.545	0.019	37.430	1.811~773.792
常量	-0.709	3.596	0.844	0.492

Physical fitness and characteristics of cognitive function among people aged 55 to 75 years with high and low risk of dementia in communities in Beijing

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