[1] Davis CG.Mechanisms of chronic pain from whiplash injury[J]. J Forensic Leg Med, 2013, 20(2): 74-85. [2] Spitzer WO, Skovron ML, Salmi LR, et al.Scientific monograph of the Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders: redefining "whiplash" and its management[J]. Spine, 1995, 20(8 Suppl): 1S. [3] Holm LW, Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, et al.The burden and determinants of neck pain in whiplash-associated disorders after traffic collisions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders[J]. J Manipulative Physiol Ther, 2009, 32(2 Suppl): S61-S69. [4] Livingston M.Whiplash injury: why are we achieving so little?[J]. J R Soc Med, 2000, 93(10): 526-529. [5] Lamb SE, Simon G, Williams MA, et al.Emergency department treatments and physiotherapy for acute whiplash: a pragmatic, two-step, randomised controlled trial[J]. Lancet, 2013, 381(9866): 546-556. [6] Harald B, Elon E, Tony O.The individual and societal burden of chronic pain in Europe: the case for strategic prioritisation and action to improve knowledge and availability of appropriate care[J]. BMC Public Health, 2013, 13(1): 1229. [7] Jöud A, Stjerna J, Malmström EM, et al.Healthcare consultation and sick leave before and after neck injury: a cohort study with matched population-based references[J]. BMJ Open, 2013, 3(8): e003172. [8] Walton DM, Macdermid JC, Todd T.What does 'recovery' mean to people with neck pain? Results of a descriptive thematic analysis[J]. Open Orthop J, 2013, 7: 420-427. [9] Casey PP, Feyer AM, Cameron ID.Course of recovery for whiplash associated disorders in a compensation setting[J] .Injury, 2015, 46(11): 2118-2129. [10] Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J.Similar factors predict disability and posttraumatic stress disorder trajectories after whiplash injury[J]. Pain, 2011, 152(6): 1272-1278. [11] Berglund A, Bodin L, Jensen I, et al.The influence of prognostic factors on neck pain intensity, disability, anxiety and depression over a 2-year period in subjects with acute whiplash injury[J]. Pain, 2006, 125(3): 244-256. [12] Kenardy J, Heron-Delaney M, Warren J, et al.Effect of mental health on long-term disability after a road traffic crash: results from the UQ SuPPORT study[J]. Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 2015, 96(3): 410-417. [13] Ritchie C, Sterling M.Recovery pathways and prognosis after whiplash injury[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2016, 46(10): 851-861. [14] Sterling M, Hendrikz J, Kenardy J.Compensation claim lodgement and health outcome developmental trajectories following whiplash injury: a prospective study[J]. Pain, 2010, 150(1): 22-28. [15] Nagin DS, Odgers CL.Group-based trajectory modeling in clinical research[J]. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 2010, 6(4): 109-138. [16] Pape E, Hagen KB, Brox JI, et al.Early multidisciplinary evaluation and advice was ineffective for whiplash-associated disorders[J]. Eur J Pain, 2009, 13(10): 1068-1075. [17] Walton D.A review of the definitions of 'recovery' used in prognostic studies on whiplash using an ICF framework[J]. Disabil Rehabil, 2009, 31(12): 943-957. [18] Sterling M.Does knowledge of predictors of recovery and nonrecovery assist outcomes after whiplash injury?[J]. Spine, 2011, 36(25 Suppl): S257-262. [19] Goldsmith R, Wright C, Bell SF, et al.Cold hyperalgesia as a prognostic factor in whiplash associated disorders: A systematic review[J]. Man Ther, 2012, 17(5): 402-410. [20] Aasvang EK, Gmaehle E, Hansen JB, et al.Predictive risk factors for persistent postherniotomy pain[J]. Anesthesiology, 2010, 112(4): 957. [21] Walton DM, Pretty J, MacDermid JC, et al. Risk factors for persistent problems following whiplash injury: results of a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2009, 39(5): 334-350. [22] Phillips LA, Carroll LJ, Cassidy JD, et al.Whiplash-associated disorders: who gets depressed? Who stays depressed?[J]. Eur Spine J, 2010, 19(6): 945-956. [23] Myrtveit SM, Skogen JC, Petrie KJ, et al.Factors related to non-recovery from whiplash. The Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)[J]. Int J Behav Med, 2014, 21(3): 430-438. [24] Heron-Delaney M, Kenardy J, Charlton E, et al.A systematic review of predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for adult road traffic crash survivors[J]. Injury, 2013, 44(11): 1413-1422. [25] Söderlund A, Löfgren M, Stålnacke BM.Predictors before and after multimodal rehabilitation for pain acceptance and engagement in activities at a 1-year follow-up for patients with whiplash-associated disorders (WAD)–a study based on the Swedish Quality Registry for Pain Rehabilitation (SQRP)[J]. Spine J, 2018, 18(8): 1475-1482. [26] Elliott J, Pedler A, Kenardy J, et al.The temporal development of fatty infiltrates in the neck muscles following whiplash injury: an association with pain and posttraumatic stress[J]. PLoS One, 2011, 6(6): e21194. [27] 郝志伟,尹飞,李然,等. 不同年龄阶段颈椎过伸性损伤预后因素分析[J]. 中国实验诊断学, 2014, 18(2): 305-307. [28] Elliott JM, Courtney DM, Rademaker A, et al.The rapid and progressive degeneration of the cervical multifidus in whiplash: an MRI study of fatty infiltration[J]. Spine, 2015, 28(12): 694-700. [29] 周明越,阮狄克. 挥鞭样损伤后期颈部软组织MRI的研究进展[J]. 中国脊柱脊髓杂志, 2013, 23(5): 472-475. [30] Elbers NA, Akkermans AJ, Lockwood K, et al.Factors that challenge health for people involved in the compensation process following a motor vehicle crash: a longitudinal study[J]. BMC Public Health, 2015, 15(1): 339. [31] Sullivan MJ, Adams H, Horan S, et al.The role of perceived injustice in the experience of chronic pain and disability: scale development and validation[J]. J Occup Rehabil, 2008, 18(3): 249-261. [32] Walton DM, Macdermid JC, Giorgianni AA, et al.Risk factors for persistent problems following acute whiplash injury: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2013, 43(2): 31-43. [33] Ozegovic D, Carroll LJ, David CJ.Does expecting mean achieving? The association between expecting to return to work and recovery in whiplash associated disorders: a population-based prospective cohort study[J]. Eur Spine J, 2009, 18(6): 893-899. [34] Childs JD, Cleland JA.Development and application of clinical prediction rules to improve decision making in physical therapist practice[J]. Phys Ther, 2006, 86(1): 122-131. [35] Beattie P, Nelson R.Clinical prediction rules: what are they and what do they tell us?[J]. Aust J Physiother, 2006, 52(3): 157-163. [36] Cook CE, Learman KE, O'Halloran BJ, et al. Which prognostic factors for low back pain are generic predictors of outcome across a range of recovery domains?[J]. Phys Ther, 2013, 93(1): 32-40. [37] Kasch H, Kongsted A, Qerama E, et al.A new stratified risk assessment tool for whiplash injuries developed from a prospective observational study[J]. BMJ Open, 2013, 3(1): e002050. [38] Radanov BP, Sturzenegger M.Predicting recovery from common whiplash[J]. Eur Neurol, 1996, 36(1): 48-51. [39] Carrie R, Joan H, Gwendolen J, et al.External validation of a clinical prediction rule to predict full recovery and ongoing moderate/severe disability following acute whiplash injury[J]. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther, 2015, 45(4): 242-250. [40] Carstensen TB, Fink P, Oernboel E, et al.Sick leave within 5 years of whiplash trauma predicts recovery: a prospective cohort and register-based study[J]. PLoS One, 2015, 10(6): e0130298. [41] Kasch H, Bach FW, Jensen TS.Handicap after acute whiplash injury: a 1-year prospective study of risk factors[J]. Neurology, 2001, 56(12): 1637-1643. |