高强度间歇训练对健康儿童青少年执行功能效果的系统综述

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.09.003

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (9): 1012-1020.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.09.003

高强度间歇训练对健康儿童青少年执行功能效果的系统综述

王俊宇¹^,², 杨永³, 袁逊², 谢婷⁴, 庄洁¹^,⁵()

1.上海体育大学运动健康学院，上海市 200438
2.武警警官学院，四川成都市 610000
3.巢湖学院体育学院，安徽巢湖市 238024
4.成都新桥小学校，四川成都市 610000
5.上海市学生体质健康研究中心，上海市 200438

收稿日期:2023-08-16 修回日期:2023-08-25 出版日期:2023-09-25 发布日期:2023-10-26
通讯作者: 庄洁 E-mail:zhuangjiesh@163.com
作者简介:王俊宇(1993-)，男，汉族，贵州贵阳市人，硕士研究生，讲师，主要研究方向：儿童青少年体质健康，运动与健康促进。
基金资助:
国家社会科学基金项目(18BTY095)

Effect of high-intensity interval training on executive function for healthy children and adolescents: a systematic review

WANG Junyu¹^,², YANG Yong³, YUAN Xun², XIE Ting⁴, ZHUANG Jie¹^,⁵()

1. School of Exercise and Health, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
2. Officers College of PAP, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
3. School of Physical Education, Chaohu University, Chaohu, Anhui 238024, China
4. Chengdu Xinqiao Primary School, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China
5. Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai 200438, China

Received:2023-08-16 Revised:2023-08-25 Published:2023-09-25 Online:2023-10-26
Contact: ZHUANG Jie E-mail:zhuangjiesh@163.com
Supported by:
National Social Science Foundation(18BTY095)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的系统分析高强度间歇训练(HIIT)对健康儿童青少年执行功能的效果及其影响因素。

方法检索Web of Science、PubMed、Cochrane、Embase、Google Scholar和中国知网中有关HIIT对健康儿童青少年执行功能干预的相关文献，检索期限为收录至2023年7月31日，采用物理治疗证据数据库(PEDro)量表评价方法学质量，提取相关数据进行系统综述。

结果最终纳入15篇文献，来自9个国家，包含13项随机对照试验，PEDro量表评分5~8分，共涉及17 021例6~18岁健康儿童青少年，发表时间集中于2016年至2023年。影响干预效果因素主要包括研究对象的年龄、HIIT的干预周期、运动剂量和训练间歇时间比。HIIT可改善健康儿童的工作记忆和抑制控制，对健康青少年的效果有限。

结论 HIIT能改善健康儿童的抑制控制和工作记忆，影响干预效果的主要因素为干预对象的年龄和HIIT的训练方案等。

关键词: 儿童, 青少年, 高强度间歇训练, 执行功能, 系统综述

Abstract:

Objective To systematically review the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on executive function for healthy children and adolescents, and delineate the factors related to the intervention outcome.

Methods Literature about the effect of HIIT on executive functions for healthy children and adolescent was retrieved from Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Google Scholar, and CNKI, up to July 31st, 2023. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, and relevant data were systematically reviewed.

Results Fifteen researches were included, from nine countries, comprising 13 randomized controlled trials with the scores of PEDro scale from five to eight, involving 17 021 participants aged six to 18 years. They were published mainly from 2016 to 2023. The primary factors related to the intervention outcome were the age of participants, HIIT intervention programs, and work-to-rest ratio. HIIT significantly improved working memory and inhibitory control in healthy children, while it was limited for adolescents.

Conclusion HIIT can significantly improve inhibitory control and working memory in healthy children. Key factors related to the intervention outcomes include the age of participants and the specifics of the HIIT program, etc.

Key words: children, adolescents, high-intensity interval training, executive function, systematic review

中图分类号:

R179

王俊宇, 杨永, 袁逊, 谢婷, 庄洁. 高强度间歇训练对健康儿童青少年执行功能效果的系统综述[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2023, 29(9): 1012-1020.

WANG Junyu, YANG Yong, YUAN Xun, XIE Ting, ZHUANG Jie. Effect of high-intensity interval training on executive function for healthy children and adolescents: a systematic review[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2023, 29(9): 1012-1020.

图/表 4

表1

图1

表2

纳入文献的基本特征"

纳入文献	国家	样本特征	研究设计	干预周期	干预频率	干预方法	WRR/s	测试任务	结局
Cooper等^[22](2016)	英国	n = 44，年龄(12.6±0.6)岁	交叉设计	单次	10 min	间歇冲刺跑(10×10)	10∶50	工作记忆：Corsi block 抑制控制：Stroop	Corsi block(-) Stroop(+)
Kao等^[14](2023)	美国	HIIT：n = 27，年龄(9.2±0.8)岁 MICT：n = 25，年龄(9.0±0.8)岁 CON：n = 25，年龄(8.7±0.8)岁	RCT	单次	20 min	HIIT：间歇冲刺跑(8×1)，76%HRmax MICT：持续快走，70%HRmax	60∶60	抑制功能：Flanker	Flanker(+)
Ludyga等^[23](2019)	瑞士	HIIT：n = 32，年龄(14.0±0.8)岁 MICT：n = 34，年龄(14.0±0.8)岁 CON：n = 28，年龄(13.9±0.6)岁	RCT	单次	16 min	HIIT：间歇循环训练(开合跳、往返跑、跳绳、卧推踏步、侧跳、跑动中运球) MICT：慢跑	HIIT：60∶30 MICT：30∶30	抑制功能：Flanker	Flanker (-)
Ben-Zeev等^[24](2020)	以色列	HIIT：n = 20，年龄(12.0±1.0)岁 CON：n = 20，年龄(12.0±1.0)岁	RCT	3个月	每次20 min，每周3次	间歇循环训练(高强度有氧30 s×2+力量练习30 s×2)	120∶120	工作记忆：Short-term Spatial 抑制控制：Stroop	Short-term Spatial(+) Stroop(+)
Costigan等^[18](2016)	澳大利亚	AE-HIIT：n = 21，年龄(15.7±0.7)岁 RA-HIIT：n = 22，年龄(15.5±0.6)岁 CON：n = 22，年龄(15.6±0.6)岁	RCT	8周	每次8~10 min，每周3次	AE-HIIT：间歇冲刺跑 RA-HIIT：间歇循环训练	AE-HIIT： 30∶30 RA-HIIT： 30∶30	认知灵活性：TMT-B	TMT-B(-)
Leahy等^[17](2020)	澳大利亚	HIIT：n = 33，年龄(16.2±0.4)岁 CON：n = 29，年龄(16.2±0.4)岁	RCT	14周	每次12~20 min，每周3次	间歇循环训练	30:30	工作记忆：N-back 抑制功能：Flanker	N-back(-) Flanker(-)
Moreau等^[25](2017)	新西兰	HIIT：n = 152，年龄(9.9±1.8)岁 CON：n = 153，年龄(10.0±1.7)岁	RCT	6周	每次5~8 min，每周5次	间歇冲刺跑(20 s×5)	20∶(20~60)	工作记忆：N-back、Digit Span、Corsi Block 抑制控制：Go/No Go, Stroop、Flanker	N-back(+) Digit Span(+) Corsi Block(+) Go/No Go(+) Stroop(+) Flanker(+)
Stenman等^[16](2017)	芬兰	HIIT：n = 9，年龄(17.9±0.9)岁 CON：n = 10，年龄(17.8±0.7)岁	RCT	2周	每次20 min，每周3次	间歇冲刺跑、间歇循环训练	冲刺跑： 60∶75 循环训练： 20∶10	工作记忆：1-back、2-back	1-back(-) 2-back(-)
Tottori等^[26](2019)	日本	HIIT：n = 27，年龄(10.0±1.0)岁 CON：n = 29，年龄(10.4±1.1)岁	NRCT	4周	每次8~10 min，每周3次	间歇循环训练，85%HRmax	30∶30	工作记忆：Digit Span Backward	Digit Span Backward(+)
Valkenborghs等^[27](2022)	澳大利亚	HIIT：n = 30，年龄(16.0±0.2)岁 CON：n = 26，年龄(16.1±0.6)岁	RCT	16周	每次10~15 min，每周3次	间歇循环训练，85%HRmax	30∶30	工作记忆：2-back	2-back(+)
Wassenaar等^[28](2021)	英国	HIIT：n = 7860，年龄(13.5±0.3) CON：n = 8157，年龄(13.5±0.3)岁	RCT	10 个月	每周2次	间歇循环训练，71%~85%HRmax	30∶30	工作记忆：2-back 抑制功能：Flanker 认知灵活性：Colour-Shape Switching	2-back(-) Flanker(-) Colour-Shape Switching(-)
Williams等^[29](2022)	英国	HIIT：n = 8，年龄(11.8±0.2)岁 CON：n = 8，年龄(11.6±0.4)岁	RCT	2周	每次6~8 min，每周3次	间歇冲刺跑×8	10∶50	工作记忆：Sternberg 抑制功能：Stroop、Flanker	Sternberg(+) Stroop(-) Flanker(-)
王杰^[30](2021)	中国	HIIT：n = 28，年龄(11.7±0.3)岁 MICT：n = 29，年龄(11.7±0.3)岁 CON：n = 30，年龄(11.6±0.3)岁	RCT	8周	HIIT：每次25 min，每周3次 MICT：每次35 min，每周3次	HIIT：间歇循环训练，基础阶段85%~90%HRmax，强化阶段85%~90%HRmax MICT：基础阶段60%~70%HRmax，强化阶段60%~70%HRmax	基础阶段：30∶30 强化阶段：60∶30	工作记忆：1-back 抑制功能：Flanker 认知灵活性：More-Odd Shifting	1-back(+) Flanker(-) More-Odd Shifting(+)
张庆举^[31](2020)	中国	HIIT：n = 14，年龄(12.8±0.4)岁 MICT：n = 12，年龄(12.7±0.7)岁 CON：n = 12，年龄(12.7±0.5)岁	RCT	8周	HIIT：每次10组，每周3次 MICT：每次30 min，每周3次	HIIT：间歇循环训练，90%HRmax MICT：持续慢跑，65%HRmax	30∶60	抑制功能：Stroop	Stroop(+)
张国晓^[15](2019)	中国	HIIT：n = 23，年龄(10.4±0.5)岁 MICT：n = 22，年龄(10.3±0.5)岁	RCT	6周	每周3次	HIIT：间歇冲刺跑 MICT：持续慢跑	30∶30	抑制功能：Stroop	Stroop(+)

表2

表3

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人群 (Population)	干预 (Intervention)	比较 (Comparison)	结局 (Outcome)
健康儿童青少年	干预周期	干预组与对照组比较	b身体功能
年龄6~18岁	干预时间	干预前后比较	b164 高水平认知功能
	运动形式		b1643认知可塑性
	运动强度		b1648其他特指的高水平认知功能
	WRR

纳入文献	资格标准	随机分配	分配隐藏	基线均衡	被试施盲	评估者施盲	被试退出率≤15%	意向性分析	组间统计分析	点估计和变异性测量	总分
Cooper等^[22](2016)	√	√		√	√		√	√	√	√	7
Kao等^[√4](2023)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√		6
Ludyga等^[23](2019)	√	√		√			√	√	√	√	6
Ben-Zeev等^[24](2020)	√	√		√			√	√	√	√	6
Costigan等^[18](2016)	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	8
Leahy等^[17](2020)	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	√	8
Moreau等^[25](2017)	√	√		√		√	√	√	√	√	7
Stenman等^[16](2017)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
Tottori等^[26](2019)	√			√			√	√	√	√	5
Valkenborghs等^[27](2022)	√	√		√		√	√	√	√	√	7
Wassenaar等^[28](2021)	√	√	√	√	√		√	√	√	√	8
Williams等^[29](2022)	√	√		√			√	√	√	√	6
王杰^[30](2021)	√	√		√	√		√	√	√	√	7
张庆举^[31](2020)	√	√	√	√			√	√	√	√	7
张国晓^[15](2019)	√	√		√			√	√	√	√	6

高强度间歇训练对健康儿童青少年执行功能效果的系统综述

Effect of high-intensity interval training on executive function for healthy children and adolescents: a systematic review

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