《中国康复理论与实践》

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2023, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 791-799.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2023.07.008

• 循证研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于世界卫生组织健康促进学校架构的学校健康服务及效果：Scoping综述

张园, 杨剑()   

  1. 华东师范大学体育与健康学院，上海市 200241
  • 收稿日期:2023-07-11 出版日期:2023-07-25 发布日期:2023-08-30
  • 通讯作者: 杨剑(1970-)，男，汉族，江苏徐州市人，博士，教授，世界卫生组织国际分类家族合作中心专家委员，主要研究方向：儿童青少年体育与健康、儿童青少年健康、ICF、康复科学、健康心理学、锻炼心理学、康复心理学、残疾研究。E-mail： yangjianxz@sina.com
  • 作者简介:张园(1996-)，女，汉族，河南平顶山市人，博士研究生，主要研究方向：学校健康服务、体育运动心理学。
  • 基金资助:
    1.上海高校"立德树人"人文社会科学重点研究基地子项目(1100-41222-16057);2.青少年体育教育研究上海市社会科学创新研究基地子项目(11001-412321-17006);3.华东师范大学青少年运动促进健康研究院子项目

School health services and effectiveness based on World Health Organization health-promoting school framework: a scoping review

ZHANG Yuan, YANG Jian()   

  1. College of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
  • Received:2023-07-11 Published:2023-07-25 Online:2023-08-30
  • Contact: YANG Jian, E-mail: yangjianxz@sina.com
  • Supported by:
    Shanghai University Key Research Base for Humanities and Social Sciences(1100-41222-16057);Shanghai Social Science Research Base for Youth Physical Education(11001-412321-17006);East China Normal University Institute of Youth Sports Promoting Health

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摘要：

目的 探讨基于世界卫生组织健康促进学校架构的学校健康服务及其效果，综合分析该领域主要研究范畴和相关证据。

方法 检索PubMed、Web of Science、EBSCO、中国知网，收集建库至2023年6月公开发表有关实施健康促进学校健康服务的干预措施、干预结局的相关文献，进行Scoping综述。

结果 最终纳入7篇文献，涉及76项研究，20多种干预措施，来自5个国家，发表日期主要集中在2014年至2021年。干预措施包括哮喘教育培训课程、口腔卫生教育、月经管理干预、认知焦虑预防计划、体育活动课程设计与训练、烹饪与营养课程、运动与健身干预、心理健康教育项目、健康促进饮食课程和健康教育课程、健康技能培训课程等。学校健康服务项目涉及健康筛查和监测服务、疾病预防和控制服务，以及对教师和学生开展安全和急救培训。健康促进学校对学生的健康效益主要体现在改进学生健康教育效果，提高学生医疗服务选修课成绩；改善学生健康状况，提高学生在校学习和生活质量，降低学生慢性疾病患病率和急诊频次，缓解哮喘病情；提高学生的自尊、沟通技巧和群体社会凝聚力，降低焦虑和负面情绪的影响，提高自主性意识；提高学生健康生活相关行动能力，对学生行为、态度和活动习惯产生积极影响。健康促进学校对教师的健康效益主要体现在提高教师传授身体活动相关课程的教学能力与技能；为教职工提供更多专业支持，掌握有关急救方面的知识，提高教师学校健康服务参与水平。健康促进学校对学校的健康效益主要体现在促进学校将健康教育课程纳入常规教学活动，增加学校在健康相关心理社会环境建设的资金投入；推动学校建立学校健康服务规划和实施措施。

结论 健康促进学校的健康服务主要包括学校课程和学校健康服务两大类。健康促进学校建设对学生、教职工和学校的健康状况、健康行为和健康服务水平均有促进作用。

关键词: 健康促进学校, 健康服务, 健康服务效果, Scoping综述

Abstract:

Objective To review the studies related to school health services and their outcomes based on the World Health Organization health-promoting school framework, to synthesize and analyze the main research scopes and related evidence in this field.

Methods Literature about the interventions and outcomes of implementing health-promoting school health services were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO and CNKI, from the establishment to June, 2023, and a scoping review was conducted.

Results Seven papers were eventually included, involving 76 researches, more than 20 interventions, from five countries, published mainly from 2014 to 2021. The interventions included asthma education training curriculum, oral health education, menstrual management interventions, cognitive anxiety prevention programs, physical activity curriculum, cooking and nutrition curriculum, exercise and fitness interventions, mental health education programs, health-promoting diets curriculum and health education curriculum, and health skills training curriculum. The school health services programs included health screening and monitoring, disease prevention and control, and safety and first aid training for teachers and students. The health benefits of health-promoting school for students included improving health education outcomes and grades in health services elective courses; improving health condition and qualities of learning and life at school, reducing prevalence of chronic diseases and frequency of visiting the emergency room, and alleviating asthma; improving self-esteem, communication skills and social cohesion of the group, alleviating the influence of anxiety and other negative emotion, and increasing awareness of autonomy; improving activities related to healthy living, and positively affecting behaviors, attitudes and action. The health benefits of health-promoting school for teachers included improving pedagogical abilities and skills in teaching physical activity-related curriculum content, and increasing professional support for staff such as knowledge of first aid and participation in the school health service. The health benefits of health-promoting school for schools included promoting the incorporation of health education courses into regular teaching activities and increasing the school's financial investment in the construction of health-related psychosocial environments; promoting the plan and implementation of the health service in the schools.

Conclusion The school-based health services in health-promoting school consisted of two main categories: school curriculum and school health services. The health-promoting school may improve the health conditions, health behaviors and health services for the students, teachers and schools.

Key words: health-promoting school, health service, effect of health service, scoping review

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