《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2022, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (1): 79-89.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2022.01.012

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

导致儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍的孕期和围产期危险因素Scoping综述

支金草1,张世雯1,黄美灵1,裴飞2,王艳2()   

  1. 1.黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江哈尔滨市 150040
    2.黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院,黑龙江哈尔滨市 150001
  • 收稿日期:2021-10-08 修回日期:2021-12-27 出版日期:2022-01-25 发布日期:2022-02-11
  • 通讯作者: 王艳 E-mail:swallow1113@163.com
  • 作者简介:支金草(1998-),女,汉族,河南漯河市人,硕士研究生,主要研究方向:儿童康复的临床及基础研究。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江中医药大学"优秀创新人才支持计划"科研项目(2018RCL10)

Risk factors during pregnancy and perinatal period for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children: a scoping review

ZHI Jincao1,ZHANG Shiwen1,HUANG Meiling1,PEI Fei2,WANG Yan2()   

  1. 1. Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, China
    2. Second Hospital Affiliated to Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
  • Received:2021-10-08 Revised:2021-12-27 Published:2022-01-25 Online:2022-02-11
  • Contact: WANG Yan E-mail:swallow1113@163.com
  • Supported by:
    Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Excellent Innovation Talents Research Projects(2018RCL10)

摘要:

目的 对导致儿童注意力缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)的孕期和围产期相关危险因素进行Scoping综述。方法 检索中国知网、万方数据库、PubMed和Web of Science儿童ADHD的孕期和围产期危险因素相关的文献,时间为建库至2021年7月1日,提取作者、国家、发表时间、研究对象、年龄、样本量、纳入时间、研究设计、诊断标准、评价工具和相关危险因素。结果 共检索到文献2 721篇,最终纳入35篇,来自11个国家,多数文献来源于儿科学、精神病学、神经病学及流行病学相关主题期刊,研究主要集中在2008年至2021年,研究方法大多数采用病例对照研究和队列研究,研究主要涉及儿童ADHD诊断方法、孕期及围产期危险因素评价方法和相关危险因素。儿童ADHD的诊断标准主要采用《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》和《国际疾病分类标准》,结合父母和老师用调查问卷做出最终诊断。孕期及围产期危险因素是从医疗记录中提取生产记录、出生记录、母亲病史记录、围产期住院和门诊记录和孕期母亲药物使用记录中的信息,或采用问卷调查法(父母/新生儿)汇总信息。孕期及围产期危险因素主要分为孕期自身因素、宫内因素、环境因素和围产期意外四个方面,其中孕期自身因素包括孕妇低龄、妊娠期肥胖、孕期不良生活习惯、孕期有害物质暴露、孕期病史和孕期营养素缺乏;宫内因素包括宫内胎儿发育不佳、流产和怀孕次数;环境因素包括生活环境和社会环境;围产期意外包括分娩意外和新生儿健康状况不佳。结论 导致儿童ADHD相关的孕期和围产期危险因素主要包括母体自身因素、宫内因素、环境因素和围产期意外四个方面。其中,孕期心理健康状况不佳是导致儿童ADHD的主要危险因素。

关键词: 注意力缺陷多动障碍, 儿童, 孕期, 围产期, 危险因素, Scoping综述

Abstract:

Obective To analyze the risk factors during pregnancy and perinatal period leading to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children using scoping review. Methods The literatures related to the risk factors of children's ADHD during pregnancy and perinatal period were searched from CNKI, Wanfang Data, PubMed and Web of Science, from the establishment to July 1st, 2021. The content of author, country, publication time, research object, age, sample size, inclusion time, study design, diagnostic criteria, evaluation tools and related risk factors were extracted. Results A total of 2 721 articles were returned, and 35 articles were finally included, from eleven countries. Most of the articles came from journals related to pediatrics, psychiatry, neurology and epidemiology. The researches were mainly concentrated from 2008 to 2021, mainly were controlled studies and cohort studies. The researches mainly involved the methods of diagnosis, evaluation of risk factors during pregnancy and perinatal period, and related risk factors. The diagnostic criteria of ADHD mainly were the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders and International Disease Classification Standards, combined with the questionnaires used by parents and teachers to make the final diagnosis. The risk factors during pregnancy and perinatal period were extracted from medical records of birth, birth records, maternal medical history, perinatal hospitalization and outpatient records, and maternal drug use records during pregnancy, or questionnaire survey (parents/newborns). The risk factors for ADHD in children during pregnancy and perinatal period might be divided into four aspects: maternal factors, intrauterine factors, environmental factors and perinatal accidents. Among them, the maternal factors included young mother, obesity, poor living behavior, substance exposure, medical history, and nutrient deficiency during pregnancy; intrauterine factors included poor fetal development in the mother's uterus, miscarriages and the number of pregnancies; environmental factors included living environment and social environment; perinatal accidents included childbirth accidents and poor health of newborns. Conclusion The pregnancy and perinatal risk factors related to ADHD in children mainly include maternal factors, intrauterine factors, environmental factors and perinatal accidents. The poor mental health of mothers during pregnancy is the main risk factor leading to children's ADHD.

Key words: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, pregnancy, perinatal period, risk factors, scoping review

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