关于辅助技术的几个理论问题

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.09.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的介绍辅助技术的基础知识,以及世界卫生组织(WHO)对辅助技术的最新认识。方法收集有关辅助技术领域的文献,包括WHO自1948年成立以来的有关文件和国际标准ISO 9999,以及公开发表的有关文章进行分析和综述。结果对辅助技术的认识经历了4个阶段：早期(不重视)、中期(残疾人需要康复工程)、近期(功能障碍者需要辅助技术)和最近(全人类健康需要辅助技术)。介绍辅助技术的基本知识,包括定义、特点、分类、作用、选用和应用。结论人们对辅助技术的认识随着对康复认识的深入而提高。随着康复纳入健康服务体系,辅助技术也成为健康技术的一个分支。

关键词: 辅助技术, 辅助产品, 辅助技术服务

Abstract:

Objective To introduce the basic knowledge on assistive technology and World Health Organization (WHO) latest understanding of assistive technology.Methods The literatures in the field of assistive technology, including relevant documents of WHO since its establishment in 1948, and ISO 9999, as well as related articles published were reviewed.Results The understanding of assistive technology can be divided into four stages: early (ignored), midterm (disabled persons needed rehabilitation engineering), recent (persons with disabilities needed assistive technology), and the latest (all the human needed assistive technology). The basic knowledge of assistive technology, including definition, characteristics, classification, function, selection and application were also introduced.Conclusion The awareness of assistive technology is improved with the in-depth understanding of rehabilitation. Rehabilitation has become a part of the health service system, which means assistive technology is a subset of health technology.

Key words: assistive technology, assistive products, assistive technology services

朱图陵. 关于辅助技术的几个理论问题[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2021, 27(9): 1017-1023.

ZHU Tu-ling. Conceptual Discussion of Assistive Technology[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(9): 1017-1023.

图/表 1

参考文献 36

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主类	次类与支类
04测量、支持、训练或替代身体功能的辅助产品	17个次类和64个支类
05 教育和技能训练辅助产品	11个次类和51个支类
06支撑神经肌肉骨骼或有关运动功能而附加到身体的辅助产品(矫形器)和替代解剖结构而附加到身体的辅助产品(假肢)	8个次类和110个支类
09 自理活动和自我参与的辅助产品	19个次类和130个支类
12为活动和参与的个人移动及转移辅助产品	16个次类和105个支类
15家务活动和参与家庭生活的辅助产品	6个次类和50个支类
18在室内和室外人造环境里支持活动的家具、固定装置和其他辅助产品	12个次类和76个支类
22沟通和信息管理辅助产品	14个次类和92个支类
24控制、携带、移动和操作物体及器具的辅助产品	9个次类和40个支类
27用于控制,调整或测量物质环境元件的辅助产品	2个次类和17个支类
28工作活动和参与就业的辅助产品	9个次类和42个支类
30娱乐和休闲辅助产品	9个次类和24个支类