南皮县经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者心脏康复现状调查

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2021.08.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的调查分析南皮县经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后患者心脏康复现状。方法选择本院2016年1月至2019年12月出院的PCI术后患者2264例,通过微信、电话以及问卷调查等方式,了解患者对心脏康复知识的知晓率。根据患者是否参加心脏康复将患者分为康复组(n = 326)和非康复组(n = 1809)。结果共返回有效问卷2135例,有效率94.3%。冠心病PCI患者心脏康复的知晓率为44.9%,参与率为15.2%,门诊心脏康复参与率仅为0.56%。康复组健康调查简表(SF-36)中9个维度的生活质量得分均高于非康复组(t > 4.65, P < 0.05)。结论南皮县PCI术后患者心脏康复知识匮乏,参与率极低,危险因素控制率较低,大部分患者没有恢复农业劳动。亟需摸索出切实可行的方法提高PCI术后患者的心脏康复知晓率和参与率,确保患者心血管病危险因素得到确切控制。

关键词: 经皮冠状动脉介入, 心脏康复, 农村地区, 调查, 南皮

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status of cardiac rehabilitation after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in rural areas. Methods A total of 2264 patients after PCI in our hospital from January, 2016 to December, 2019 were selected. The awareness rate of patients on cardiac rehabilitation knowledge was investigated through WeChat, telephone and questionnaire. Patients were divided into rehabilitation group (n = 326) and non-rehabilitation group (n = 1809) according to whether they participated in cardiac rehabilitation. Results There were 2135 valid questionnaires. The awareness rate of cardiac rehabilitation in PCI patients with coronary heart disease in rural areas was 44.9%, the participation rate was 15.2%, and the participation rate of outpatient heart rehabilitation was only 0.56%. The scores of the MOS Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) were higher in the rehabilitation group than in the non-rehabilitation group (t > 4.65, P < 0.05). Conclusion In rural areas, the knowledge of cardiac rehabilitation is poor for patients after PCI, the participation rate is low, the control rate of risk factors is low, and most patients do not return to farm work. It is important to take a way to improve the awareness and participation of cardiac rehabilitation for patients after PCI, to ensure the exact control of cardiovascular risk factors of patients.

Key words: percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiac rehabilitation, rural areas, investigation, Nanpi

蔡玮,邢文华,梁文平,赵雷,刘萍,滕珲,王国栋. 南皮县经皮冠状动脉介入治疗术后患者心脏康复现状调查[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2021, 27(8): 966-972.

CAI Wei,XING Wen-hua,LIANG Wen-ping,ZHAO Lei,LIU Ping,TENG Hui,WANG Guo-dong. Investigation of Cardiac Rehabilitation Status of Patients after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Nanpi, Hebei[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2021, 27(8): 966-972.

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项目		全部(n = 2135)	康复组(n = 326)	非康复组(n = 1809)	t/χ²值	P值
年龄(岁)		51.4±5.6	48.6±5.6	50.2±4.5	1.60	0.210
性别(n)	男性	1188	217	971	3.08	0.080
性别(n)	女性	947	109	838
婚姻状况(n)	已婚	2124	321	1803	1.10	0.294
婚姻状况(n)	未婚	11	5	6
医保类型(n)	农村合作医疗	1807	189	1618	6.42	0.011
医保类型(n)	医保	328	137	191
教育程度(n)	小学及以下学历	1040	67	973	2.30	0.020
	初中学历	621	68	553
	高中学历	270	88	182
	本科及以上学历	204	103	101

项目	康复组(n = 326)	非康复组(n = 1809)	t值	P值
生理机能	56.5±19.5	47.7±18.5	9.99	0.002
生理职能	54.1±33.9	52.3±32.2	12.51	0.001
躯体疼痛	61.8±29.7	56.8±30.4	4.65	0.034
社会功能	50.0±17.7	43.5±25.2	7.95	0.006
情感职能	67.9±15.8	57.7±15.7	11.19	0.001
精神健康	48.5±18.0	42.2±20.2	5.70	0.019
精力	76.5±13.0	64.6±15.8	22.72	< 0.001
一般健康状况	50.0±29.7	49.0±33.9	4.71	0.033
健康变化	63.2±30.2	44.7±5.0	27.95	< 0.001

项目	n	百分率(%)
规律服药	2103	98.5
血脂管理	1742	81.6
合理膳食	986	46.2
血压管理	864	40.5
仍在吸烟患者	543	25.4
糖尿病管理	325	15.2
体质量管理	123	5.8
规律运动与锻炼	95	4.4
术后继续参加农业劳动	756	35.4