老年人与年轻人双重任务下阶梯行走步态特征比较

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.03.004

《中国康复理论与实践》 ›› 2020, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (3): 285-290.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2020.03.004

老年人与年轻人双重任务下阶梯行走步态特征比较

刘立^1,²(),张庭然^1,²,罗炯^1,²,周佰富^1,²,欧阳一毅^1,²,罗之柱^1,²

1.西南大学体育学院,国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室,重庆市 400715
2.西南大学运动康复研究所,重庆市 400715

收稿日期:2019-01-26 修回日期:2019-06-05 出版日期:2020-03-25 发布日期:2020-04-01
通讯作者: 刘立 E-mail:bonnie@swu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘立(1978-),男,汉族,重庆市人,硕士,讲师,主要研究方向：全民健身与运动损伤康复。
基金资助:
中央高校基本科研经费西南大学创新团队项目(SWU1909105)

Gait Characteristics of Staircase Walking of Old and Young Adults under Dual Task Situation

LIU Li^1,²(),ZHANG Ting-ran^1,²,LUO Jiong^1,²,ZHOU Bai-fu^1,²,OUYANG Yi-yi^1,²,LUO Zhi-zhu^1,²

1. College of Physical Education, Southwestern University, State Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Sports Function Monitoring, Chongqing 400715, China
2. Institute of Sports Rehabilitation, Southwestern University, Chongqing 400715, China

Received:2019-01-26 Revised:2019-06-05 Published:2020-03-25 Online:2020-04-01
Contact: LIU Li E-mail:bonnie@swu.edu.cn
Supported by:
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(SWU1909105)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的比较年轻人与老年人完成不同任务时的生物力学特征和认知任务表现。方法 2018年3月至4月,招募志愿者25例,其中老年人12例,年龄(71.54±3.25)岁;年轻人13例,年龄(22.24±1.56)岁。所有被试依次完成坐姿下连续减7测试(前测)、阶梯行走、阶梯行走时连续减7测试和再次坐姿下连续减7测试(后测)。Vicon三维动作分析系统分析阶梯行走时的步态。结果老年人上阶梯和后测时的连续减7测试优于前测,年轻人上下阶梯和后测时的连续减7测试均优于前测。上阶梯时,步行时间、步长、步频和步速的年龄主效应显著(F > 5.037, P < 0.05),任务主效应显著( F > 6.122, P < 0.05);下阶梯时,步行时间、步频和步速的年龄主效应非常显著( F > 17.252, P < 0.01),任务主效应显著( F > 6.274, P < 0.05)。结论老年人和年轻人都会根据动作的困难程度,选择是否专注于认知任务;老年人在上楼期时,会采取保守的动作策略,避免跌倒风险;下楼梯则会放弃部分认知任务,并采取保守的动作策略。

关键词: 跌倒, 姿势控制, 步态, 楼梯行走, 年轻, 老年

Abstract:

Objective To compare the biomechanical characteristics and cognitive task performance of the young and the old adults as ascending and descending staircase. Methods From March to April, 2018, 25 volunteers, including twelve old persons aged (71.54±3.25) and 13 young persons aged (22.24±1.56), were tested with continuous minus seven as sitting (pre-test), walking up and down stairs, walking up and down stairs with continuous minus seven and continuous minus seven as sitting again (post-test). Results The performance of continuous minus seven was better as walking up stairs and post-test than pre-test in the old persons, and it was better as both up and down stairs, as well as post-test than pre-test in the young persons. As walking up stairs, the main effects of both age (F > 5.037, P < 0.05) and task ( F > 6.122, P < 0.05) were significant in walking time, step length, frequency and speed; while walking down stairs, the main effects of both age ( F > 17.252, P < 0.01) and task ( F > 6.274, P < 0.05) were significant in walking time, step frequency and speed. Conclusion People would alter the focus on cognitive tasks according to the difficulty of the action. The old adults would be more conservative in the action as upstair during the dual task, and would pay less attention to cognitive task additionally as downstair.

Key words: fall, posture control, gait, staircase walking, young, aged

中图分类号:

R493

刘立,张庭然,罗炯,周佰富,欧阳一毅,罗之柱. 老年人与年轻人双重任务下阶梯行走步态特征比较[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2020, 26(3): 285-290.

LIU Li,ZHANG Ting-ran,LUO Jiong,ZHOU Bai-fu,OUYANG Yi-yi,LUO Zhi-zhu. Gait Characteristics of Staircase Walking of Old and Young Adults under Dual Task Situation[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2020, 26(3): 285-290.

图/表 6

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参考文献 30

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组别	n	男/女(n)	年龄(岁)	身高(m)	体质量(kg)
老年人	12	6/6	64.55±3.65	1.65±0.11	64.34±6.78
年轻人	13	6/7	24.35±4.53	1.67±0.09	62.05±5.56
F值			7.51	0.73	1.05
P值			< 0.001	0.29	0.12

组别	n	前测(a)	上楼梯(b)	下楼梯(c)	后测(d)	F值	P值	多重比较
老年人	12	18.55±23.69	23.14±54.17	20.59±0.36	23.77±65.32	3.692	0.038	a = c < b = d
年轻人	13	32.57±36.14	35.09±1.40	38.63±0.31	39.15±11.26	6.583	0.017	a < b < c = d
F值		5.61	4.71	5.07	5.94
P值		< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001

任务	组别	步行时间(s)	步长(m)	步宽(m)	步频(/s)	步速(m/s)	时间CV (%)	速度CV (%)
单一任务	老年人	1.24±0.08	0.84±0.07	0.11±0.03	1.65±0.24	0.65±0.05	6.45±2.64	7.70±5.01
单一任务	年轻人	1.05±0.06	0.91±0.11	0.12±0.03	1.87±0.15	0.81±0.07	5.72±1.44	8.65±4.52
双重任务	老年人	1.46±0.08	0.86±0.13	0.12±0.01	1.48±0.29	0.65±0.05	5.48±1.54	7.78±3.22
双重任务	年轻人	1.17±0.08	0.852±0.08	0.11±0.04	1.79±0.16	0.77±0.06	6.84±3.01	7.80±3.98
年龄主效应	F值	9.021	0.542	0.992	12.473	8.772	0.261	0.542
	P值	0.003	0.311	0.372	0.009	0.007	0.552	0.319
任务主效应	F值	11.050	0.743	0.330	17.032	9.235	0.392	0.783
	P值	0.002	0.163	0.098	0.006	0.04	0.397	0.195
交互效应	F值	1.775	0.892	0.745	0.897	0.562	0.842	0.593
	P值	0.071	0.241	0.173	0.109	0.081	0.406	0.410

任务	组别	步行时间(s)	步长(m)	步宽(m)	步频(/s)	步速(m/s)	时间CV (%)	速度CV (%)
单一任务	老年人	1.34±0.07	0.68±0.08	0.09±0.053	1.55±0.21	0.53±0.04	5.23±2.88	7.55±4.15
单一任务	年轻人	1.16±0.06	0.73±0.04	0.10±0.04	1.75±0.14	0.64±0.05	4.31±1.63	5.18±2.26
双重任务	老年人	1.45±0.06	0.65±0.06	0.10±0.03	1.41±0.24	0.47±0.03	4.14±2.27	6.39±2.08
双重任务	年轻人	1.20±0.08	0.70±0.10	0.09±0.05	1.67±0.13	0.59±0.05	6.67±2.53	8.48±3.29
年龄主效应	F值	10.121	5.073	0.612	12.772	9.980	0.812	0.373
	P值	0.002	0.037	0.451	0.035	0.018	0.557	0.459
任务主效应	F值	13.212	6.122	0.171	14.653	15.410	0.513	0.662
	P值	0.006	0.017	0.353	0.028	0.035	0.581	0.359
交互效应	F值	1.575	0.899	0.851	1.275	0.776	1.057	5.014
	P值	0.063	0.306	0.364	0.089	0.427	0.134	0.034

任务	组别	步行时间(s)	步长(m)	步宽(m)	步频(/s)	步速(m/s)	时间CV (%)	速度CV (%)
单一任务	老年人	1.25±0.21	0.51±0.03	0.12±0.04	1.67±0.33	0.46±0.08	6.40±3.65	8.70±3.69
单一任务	年轻人	0.98±0.09	0.58±0.06	0.10±0.06	2.08±0.16	0.61±0.10	6.13±3.52	9.84±4.07
双重任务	老年人	1.43±0.29	0.56±0.04	0.15±0.05	1.47±0.28	0.41±0.09	7.70±3.53	7.32±2.67
双重任务	年轻人	1.04±0.11	0.64±0.05	0.11±0.01	1.95±0.13	0.58±0.09	6.73±3.06	8.62±3.17
年龄主效应	F值	17.252	6.771	4.173	22.554	20.260	0.362	0.480
	P值	0.004	0.023	0.034	0.002	0.003	0.477	0.353
任务主效应	F值	13.323	9.053	6.113	6.274	13.895	0.192	0.552
	P值	0.005	0.007	0.008	0.035	0.004	0.512	0.452
交互效应	F值	1.206	0.849	1.062	1.657	1.574	0.824	0.773
	P值	0.085	0.525	0.069	0.063	0.077	0.568	0.451

老年人与年轻人双重任务下阶梯行走步态特征比较

Gait Characteristics of Staircase Walking of Old and Young Adults under Dual Task Situation

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任务	组别	步行时间(s)	步长(m)	步宽(m)	步频(/s)	步速(m/s)	时间CV (%)	速度CV (%)
单一任务	老年人	1.06±0.10	0.78±0.15	0.13±0.06	1.91±0.25	0.77±0.16	6.61±2.54	8.37±3.25
单一任务	年轻人	0.93±0.08	0.93±0.07	0.10±0.04	2.16±0.14	1.02±0.12	8.61±1.87	6.28±2.15
双重任务	老年人	1.20±0.17	0.72±0.06	0.12±0.07	1.72±0.20	0.62±0.13	8.34±3.52	10.49±4.07
双重任务	年轻人	0.99±0.08	0.91±0.14	0.11±0.07	2.04±0.17	0.93±0.09	8.08±3.96	8.31±4.58
年龄主效应	F值	17.362	17.632	0.293	18.213	20.859	0.210	5.778
	P值	0.004	0.005	0.295	0.035	0.035	0.511	0.045
任务主效应	F值	22.013	9.763	0.182	33.177	29.134	29.135	1.226
	P值	0.003	0.007	0.351	0.002	0.014	0.031	0.352
交互效应	F值	1.023	1.362	0.501	1.524	1.551	0.901	0.802
	P值	0.092	0.067	0.527	0.083	0.064	0.558	0.237

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