脊髓损伤患者营养代谢状况的研究进展

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2016.12.009

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 脊髓损伤是常见的创伤性疾病，可导致各种营养代谢异常，出现营养不良和营养过剩。本文主要阐述脊髓损伤后患者营养代谢评定方法、营养代谢的变化并分析潜在的原因。脊髓损伤后成人营养不良的评估量表主要有脊髓损伤营养筛查量表、营养不良通用筛查问卷。儿童营养不良的评定使用儿童营养不良筛查量表。营养过剩的评定常用体质量指数、腹围及双能X线。脊髓损伤后，患者总热量摄入增加，糖代谢紊乱，脂肪、蛋白质代谢紊乱，代谢综合征发生率、冠心病风险增加，骨代谢异常。医务人员应参与患者营养管理，提供个性化膳食方案，使患者营养均衡。常规对脊髓损伤患者进行营养代谢筛查、评定，建立营养支持团队。

关键词: 脊髓损伤, 营养代谢, 能量平衡, 评定, 综述

Abstract: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common traumatic disease. SCI causes nutritional and metabolic abnormalities including malnutrition and overnutrition. This article reviewed nutritional metabolism assessments, the changes and reasons after SCI. Spinal Nutrition Screening Tool (SNST) and Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) are commonly used to evaluate malnutrition in adult. Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics (STAMP) is used to evaluate malnutrition in child. Body mass index, waist circumference and dual-energy X-ray are used to evaluate overnutrition. SCI causes increasement of total caloric intake, disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism, disturbance of fat and protein metabolism, increasement of metabolic syndrome incidence, high risk of coronary heart disease, and abnormal bone metabolism. Individual diet program should be provided to SCI patients for balanced nutrition. Periodic assessments are also necessary.

Key words: spinal cord injury, nutrition metabolism, energy balance, assessment, review

中图分类号:

R651.2

胡志伟，陈亚平. 脊髓损伤患者营养代谢状况的研究进展[J]. 《中国康复理论与实践》, 2016, 22(12): 1408-1407.

HU Zhi-wei, CHEN Ya-ping. Advance in Nutrition Metabolism of Patients with Spinal Cord Injury (review)[J]. 《Chinese Journal of Rehabilitation Theory and Practice》, 2016, 22(12): 1408-1407.

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